ATMEGA328P-PU

The Microchip ATMEGA328P-PU is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega328P achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS/MHz, balancing power consumption and processing speed. The device features 32KB ISP Flash, 1KB EEPROM, 2KB SRAM, 23 general-purpose I/O lines, three flexible timers with PWM, a USART, SPI, TWI (I2C), a 10-bit ADC, watch-dog timer, analog comparator, and six software-selectable power-saving modes. The picoPower technology reduces power consumption to 0.2mA at 1MHz/1.8V active and 0.1uA in power-down mode. The 28-PDIP package makes it ideal for prototyping and hobbyist projects, most notably the Arduino Uno.

The ATMEGA328P-PU operates as a complete 8-bit microcontroller system: 1) AVR Core: The enhanced RISC CPU executes 131 instructions with a 2-stage pipeline, achieving nearly 1 instruction per clock cycle. All 32 general-purpose registers are directly connected to the ALU, allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one instruction. 2) Memory: 32KB Flash stores program code with ISP capability. 1KB EEPROM provides non-volatile data storage. 2KB SRAM handles runtime data and stack operations. 3) Peripherals: The 10-bit ADC converts analog inputs with +/-2LSB accuracy. Three timers provide PWM, input capture, and waveform generation. SPI, TWI, and USART enable serial communication. 4) Power Management: Six sleep modes (idle, ADC noise reduction, power-save, power-down, standby, extended standby) allow optimization for minimal power consumption.

• Arduino Uno and compatible board core MCU
• Embedded control with UART/SPI/I2C peripheral integration
• Low-power sensor node with sleep mode operation