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LM324N

Quad general-purpose op-amp, 1MHz, 3-32V single supply, GND-referenced, PDIP-14

15000

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Pieza del fabricante：

LM324N

Paquete：

PDIP-14 (19.3 x 6.35 x 4.57mm, 2.54mm pitch, through-hole)

Marca：

Categorías de productos：

Circuitos integrados IC, Microcontroladores y procesadores

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Descripción

Productos

The LM324N from Texas Instruments is the industry-standard quad general-purpose operational amplifier with single-supply operation (3V-32V), input common-mode range including ground, and 1MHz gain-bandwidth product — four op-amps in a single 14-pin PDIP package.

Especificaciones

Número de canales	4 (quad, independent)
Supply Voltage Range	3V to 32V (single) or ±1.5V to ±16V (dual)
Producto ganancia-ancho de banda	1MHz (1.2MHz typical)
Velocidad de giro	0.5V/µs typical
Open-Loop Voltage Gain	100dB typical (100V/mV)
Tensión de offset de entrada	2mV typical, 7mV max
Corriente de polarización de entrada	45nA typical, 250nA max
Input Offset Current	5nA typical, 50nA max
Input Common-Mode Range	0V to V+−1.5V (includes GND)
Output Voltage Swing	0V to V+−1.5V (single supply)
Corriente de salida	20mA typical (source/sink)
Supply Current (all 4 amps)	700µA typical (independent of supply)
CMRR	85dB typical
Temperatura de funcionamiento	0°C to +70°C
Paquete	PDIP-14 (19.3 x 6.35mm)

Características

Four internally compensated op-amps in one package
Single-supply operation: 3V to 32V
Input common-mode range includes ground (GND)
Output swings to GND (no negative supply needed)
700µA total supply current — battery friendly
Internally frequency compensated for unity gain

Aplicaciones

Single-supply signal conditioning
Transducer amplifier interfaces
Bloques de ganancia de CC
Filtros activos
Comparators
Oscillators

Introducción del producto:LM324N Presentación del producto

The LM324N from Texas Instruments is the most widely used quad operational amplifier, containing four independent high-gain internally frequency-compensated op-amps in a single 14-pin DIP package. Its defining advantage over the LM741 and LM358 is the combination of four channels AND single-supply operation. The input common-mode voltage range includes ground (0V), meaning the non-inverting input can be connected directly to GND without a negative supply — critical for single-supply designs where the signal is referenced to ground. The output can also swing to within a few millivolts of ground (when sinking current), and up to V+−1.5V when sourcing. The 1MHz GBW and 0.5V/µs slew rate limit it to low-frequency applications (full-power bandwidth ≈ 8kHz at ±10V output). The total supply current of only 700µA for all four amplifiers makes it suitable for battery operation. At $0.316/1ku, the LM324 is the most cost-effective way to get four op-amps. The N suffix denotes the PDIP-14 through-hole package.

Principio de funcionamiento:LM324N Principio de funcionamiento

Each of the four op-amps in the LM324N is a voltage-feedback amplifier with internal compensation. The PNP input stage allows the common-mode range to include ground (the PNP emitters are biased at ~0.6V above the inputs, so the inputs can go to 0V). The class AB output stage can both source and sink current, with the output swinging to within ~5mV of ground when sinking small currents and to V+−1.5V when sourcing. In single-supply operation, the signal must remain within 0V to V+−1.5V at both input and output. For AC-coupled applications, a bias voltage (typically V+/2) establishes the operating point. For DC applications with ground-referenced signals (like sensor outputs that vary from 0V upward), no bias is needed — the input can go to 0V and the output can swing to near 0V. The internal 30pF compensation capacitor creates a dominant pole at ~10Hz, rolling off the gain at 20dB/decade to cross unity gain at 1MHz. Closed-loop bandwidth = GBW/noise_gain; at gain=100, BW ≈ 10kHz. The 700µA total quiescent current is essentially independent of supply voltage (3V to 32V), thanks to a constant-current bias network.

Descripción de la clavija:LM324N Definición y funciones de las clavijas

Pin	Nombre	Tipo	Descripción
1	1OUT	Salida	Op-amp 1 output
2	1IN−	Entrada	Op-amp 1 inverting input
3	1IN+	Entrada	Op-amp 1 non-inverting input
4	VCC	Potencia	Positive supply (3V to 32V)
5	2IN+	Entrada	Op-amp 2 non-inverting input
6	2IN−	Entrada	Op-amp 2 inverting input
7	2OUT	Salida	Op-amp 2 output
8	3OUT	Salida	Op-amp 3 output
9	3IN−	Entrada	Op-amp 3 inverting input
10	3IN+	Entrada	Op-amp 3 non-inverting input
11	GND / V−	Potencia	Ground or negative supply
12	4IN+	Entrada	Op-amp 4 non-inverting input
13	4IN−	Entrada	Op-amp 4 inverting input
14	4OUT	Salida	Op-amp 4 output

Application Scenarios:In which products and applications isLM324N usado

Single-Supply Non-Inverting Amp: Sensor (0-1V) → 1IN+; Rf/Rg = 4; 1OUT = 0-5V; VCC = 5V single supply; GND = pin 11
Comparator: Sensor → 1IN+; threshold voltage → 1IN−; 1OUT drives LED; no feedback resistor; open-loop comparison
4-Channel Signal Conditioner: 4 sensors → 4 op-amps; each configured for appropriate gain; single VCC supply; one IC handles all 4 channels
Active Filter: Sallen-Key low-pass: 2 resistors + 2 capacitors per op-amp; cutoff at desired frequency; remaining 2 op-amps for gain stages
AC-Coupled Amp: VCC=12V; two 10kΩ resistors create V+/2 = 6V bias at 1IN+; AC signal through coupling cap + Rin → 1IN−; Rf feedback; output centered at 6V

Alternative Models:What chips are recommended as replacements for LM324N

Modelo	Fabricante	Diferencia clave	Paquete	Specs
LM324AN	TI	Improved version with lower 2mV max input offset voltage for precision measurement circuits	DIP-14	1.1MHz/4-ch
LM324B	TI	Modern upgrade: 36V supply, 1.2MHz GBW, 3mV offset, rail-to-rail output swing capability	DIP-14	1.2MHz/36V
LM358N	TI	Dual op-amp version (2 channels) in DIP-8 for simpler single/dual signal chain designs	DIP-8	1.1MHz/2-ch
TL074CN	TI	Quad JFET-input op-amp with 65pA input bias current and 3MHz GBW for low-noise applications	DIP-14	3MHz/JFET
LM2902N	TI	Automotive-grade -40 to +125C version for under-hood and industrial environments	DIP-14	1.1MHz/-40-125C
MCP6004-I/P	Microchip	Low-voltage 1.8-6V quad R-R op-amp with 1MHz GBW for battery-powered instrumentation	DIP-14	1MHz/1.8-6V

LM324N is the industry-standard quad general-purpose op-amp in DIP-14 with 1.1MHz GBW and 3-32V single-supply operation. All four channels share the same power rails. LM324B offers modern 36V rail-to-rail output. For JFET-input low-noise applications, TL074 provides 3MHz GBW and 65pA bias current. For low-voltage designs, MCP6004 operates down to 1.8V.