Memory Chips are core semiconductor chips used to store digital information in electronic systems, serving as the “data warehouse” of all electronic devices. They are mainly divided into two categories by data retention characteristics: volatile memory (data lost when power is off), including DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory, mainstream for computer and mobile phone main memory) and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory, extremely fast, used for CPU cache); non-volatile memory (data retained when power is off), including NAND Flash (mainstream for SSDs, USB drives and mobile phone storage), NOR Flash (for firmware code storage), EEPROM and emerging MRAM, PCRAM, etc. As one of the three pillars of the semiconductor industry, memory chips are widely used in computers, mobile phones, servers, automotive electronics, industrial control and consumer electronics.