The SN65HVD74DGKR implements a full-duplex RS-485/RS-422 transceiver with separate driver and receiver signal paths. The driver section converts single-ended CMOS logic (applied to the D input) into a differential signal on the Y and Z outputs, compliant with TIA/EIA-485-A. The driver output stage provides a minimum 1.5 V differential output across a 54 Ohm load with current limiting and thermal shutdown protection against bus contention faults. The receiver section monitors the differential voltage between the A and B inputs and outputs the corresponding logic level on the R output. Receiver hysteresis (25 mV typical) provides noise immunity. Failsafe biasing ensures the receiver output goes high when the bus is open, shorted, or terminated but undriven, preventing random noise from being interpreted as data. The driver enable (DE) and receiver enable (RE) pins allow independent direction control. With DE low and RE high, the device enters a low-power shutdown mode. The 1/8 unit load receiver input impedance (greater than 96 kOhm) allows 256 transceivers to share a single RS-485 bus without exceeding the 32 unit-load maximum defined by the standard.