The ADuM1410ARWZ uses Analog Devices iCoupler technology, which embeds microscale planar transformers in a polyimide insulation layer between the input and output die. Data is transmitted across the isolation barrier by modulating a high-frequency carrier through the transformer. On the transmit side, the input logic signal modulates the carrier, and the modulated signal is coupled across the isolation barrier to the receive side where it is demodulated and restored to the original logic level. The iCoupler approach eliminates the LED and photodetector degradation mechanisms of optocouplers, providing virtually unlimited operating lifetime. The refresh circuit periodically transmits the input state across the barrier to maintain output correctness even when the input is static. If the refresh signal is not received within a watchdog timeout (typically 5 us), the output assumes the failsafe state (high for the ADuM1410). The double-isolation-barrier construction provides 2500 Vrms withstand and 25 kV per microsecond CMTI. The device is self-powered from each side supply; no external coupling components are required.