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NE555

Precision timer IC, 4.5-16V, 200mA output, mono/astable, PDIP-8

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Manufacturer Part：

NE555

Package：

PDIP-8

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Description

Product Overview

The NE555 from Texas Instruments is the industry-standard precision timer IC capable of producing accurate time delays or oscillation. Operating from 4.5V to 16V, it can sink or source up to 200mA at the output and supports both monostable (one-shot) and astable (free-running) modes with timing from microseconds to hours.

Key Specifications

  • Supply Voltage: 4.5V ~ 16V
  • Output Current: Sink or source up to 200mA
  • Trigger Level: 1/3 VCC
  • Threshold Level: 2/3 VCC
  • Control Voltage: 2/3 VCC (typical, adjustable)
  • Timing Range: Microseconds to hours
  • Output Rise Time: 100ns (typical)
  • Output Fall Time: 100ns (typical)
  • Quiescent Current: 2mA (typical)
  • Maximum Frequency (astable): ~500kHz
  • Operating Temperature: 0°C ~ 70°C (NE555)
  • Reset Active Level: Low (overrides all other inputs)
  • Monostable Pulse Width: t = 1.1 × R × C
  • Astable Frequency: f = 1.44 / ((R1 + 2×R2) × C)
  • Astable Duty Cycle: (R1 + R2) / (R1 + 2×R2)
  • Package: PDIP-8, SOIC-8, TSSOP-8

Features

  • Timing from microseconds to hours
  • Astable or monostable operation
  • Adjustable duty cycle
  • TTL-compatible output (200mA sink/source)
  • Reset overrides all other inputs
  • Control voltage pin for threshold modulation
  • Only 2-3 external components for basic operation
  • Available since 1972 — over 1 billion units shipped annually

Applications

  • Precision timing and time-delay generation
  • Pulse generation and PWM control
  • LED flasher and blinker circuits
  • Tone and melody generation
  • Power-on delay and debounce circuits
  • Square wave and clock generation

The NE555 from Texas Instruments is the most iconic timer IC in electronics history, designed by Hans Camenzind at Signetics in 1972. Over a billion units are still shipped annually, making it one of the highest-volume ICs ever produced. The device can operate in monostable mode to generate precise time delays (t = 1.1 × R × C) controlled by a single external resistor and capacitor, or in astable mode to generate free-running square waves with independently controllable frequency and duty cycle using just two resistors and one capacitor. The 200mA output capability allows direct driving of LEDs, small relays, and speakers without additional driver circuitry. The internal voltage divider sets the trigger threshold at 1/3 VCC and the threshold at 2/3 VCC, both adjustable through the CONT pin. The NE555 variant is specified for 0°C to 70°C operation, while the SA555 extends to -40°C to 85°C and the SE555 to -55°C to 125°C.

The NE555 internal circuit consists of three 5kΩ resistors forming a voltage divider, two comparators, an SR flip-flop, a discharge transistor, and a push-pull output stage. The voltage divider sets 1/3 VCC at the trigger comparator and 2/3 VCC at the threshold comparator. In monostable mode, the trigger input (TRIG) falling below 1/3 VCC sets the flip-flop, driving the output high and turning off the discharge transistor. The external capacitor charges through R until the threshold (THRES) reaches 2/3 VCC, which resets the flip-flop, driving the output low and turning on the discharge transistor to rapidly discharge the capacitor. The output pulse width is T = 1.1 × R × C. In astable mode, the capacitor charges through R1+R2 and discharges through R2 only, creating a free-running oscillator with f = 1.44 / ((R1 + 2R2) × C) and duty cycle = (R1+R2)/(R1+2R2). The CONT pin allows external modulation of the 2/3 VCC threshold for PWM or VCO applications. The RESET pin (active low) overrides all other inputs and forces the output low.

Pin Name Function
1 GND Ground reference
2 TRIG Trigger input (sets output high when < 1/3 VCC)
3 OUT Output (sink/source up to 200mA, push-pull)
4 RESET Active-low reset (overrides all inputs, forces output low)
5 CONT Control voltage (2/3 VCC internal, modifiable for PWM/VCO)
6 THRES Threshold input (resets output when > 2/3 VCC)
7 DISCH Discharge transistor (open collector, connects to GND when output low)
8 VCC Power supply (4.5V ~ 16V)

The NE555 is used in LED flasher circuits where the astable mode generates a square wave at visible frequencies (1-10Hz) with R and C values chosen for the desired blink rate. For debounce circuits, the monostable mode creates a clean pulse of defined width from a noisy switch input. In PWM motor speed control, the CONT pin modulates the threshold level, varying the output duty cycle in proportion to a control voltage. For tone generation, two 555 timers can be cascaded — one in astable mode for the tone frequency and one for the envelope — creating simple musical effects. In power-on delay circuits, the monostable mode holds a reset line for a defined period after power-up, allowing supply voltages to stabilize before the system starts.

Model Manufacturer Key Difference
SA555 Texas Instruments -40°C to 85°C extended temperature range
TLC555 Texas Instruments CMOS version, 2MHz, 100µA Iq, 2-15V supply
LMC555 Texas Instruments CMOS, 3MHz, micropower, 1.5-15V supply
NE556 Texas Instruments Dual 555 timer in a single 14-pin package
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Contact Information

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Service & Packaging

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Address: Room 2919, Guoli Building, Huaqiang North, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
 

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