Image sensors are key in modern imaging, converting optical images to electrical or digital signals for photography, videography, etc.
They capture and convert light. Photoelectric conversion turns incident light into electrical signals via photosensitive pixels. Color sensing, often with color filter arrays, enables color image capture. Image sensors also process signals. Analog processing amplifies and reduces noise, while digital conversion quantifies signals for storage. Moreover, they control and optimize imaging. Exposure control adjusts for proper lighting, and white – balance adjustment corrects color for accurate representation in different lighting conditions.