The DS2431+ is a 1-Wire 1Kbit EEPROM from Maxim Integrated in TO-92-4 (or TSOC-4 for SMD), providing 128 bytes of non-volatile memory accessible through a single data wire plus ground. The 1-Wire protocol uses a single open-drain data line (DQ) with an external 2.2k-ohm pull-up resistor to VCC. Communication is half-duplex and bit-sequential: the master (MCU) initiates all transactions by pulling DQ LOW for a reset pulse (480us minimum). The DS2431 responds with a presence pulse (60-240us LOW). Data is transferred in time slots: a write-1 slot consists of pulling DQ LOW for 1-15us then releasing; a write-0 slot holds DQ LOW for 60us minimum. The DS2431 has four 32-byte memory pages. Each page can be individually write-protected (EPROM mode) or put into EPROM emulation mode where writes can only change 1s to 0s. The 64-bit unique ROM ID (lasered at factory) serves as a serial number and network address, allowing multiple 1-Wire devices on the same bus. The ROM ID contains: 8-bit family code (0x2D), 48-bit serial number, 8-bit CRC. The device includes a 16-bit CRC generator for data integrity. Operating voltage range is 2.8V to 5.5V, derived parasitically from the DQ line during communication. Write endurance is 100,000 cycles. The TO-92 package is suitable for iButton and cable-attached applications.