{"id":7978,"date":"2026-06-28T06:25:36","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T06:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/lm324n-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-28T11:44:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T11:44:50","slug":"lm324n-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/lm324n-2\/","title":{"rendered":"LM324N"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/h2>\n

The LM324N from Texas Instruments is the industry-standard quad general-purpose operational amplifier with single-supply operation (3V-32V), input common-mode range including ground, and 1MHz gain-bandwidth product \u2014 four op-amps in a single 14-pin PDIP package.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n4 (quad, independent)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n3V to 32V (single) or \u00b11.5V to \u00b116V (dual)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n1MHz (1.2MHz typical)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n0.5V\/\u00b5s typical<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Open-Loop Voltage Gain<\/td>\n100dB typical (100V\/mV)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n2mV typical, 7mV max<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n45nA typical, 250nA max<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Input Offset Current<\/td>\n5nA typical, 50nA max<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Input Common-Mode Range<\/td>\n0V to V+\u22121.5V (includes GND)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Output Voltage Swing<\/td>\n0V to V+\u22121.5V (single supply)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n20mA typical (source\/sink)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Supply Current (all 4 amps)<\/td>\n700\u00b5A typical (independent of supply)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CMRRR<\/td>\n85dB typical<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n0\u00b0C to +70\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/td>\nPDIP-14 (19.3 x 6.35mm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Four internally compensated op-amps in one package<\/li>\n
  • Single-supply operation: 3V to 32V<\/li>\n
  • Input common-mode range includes ground (GND)<\/li>\n
  • Output swings to GND (no negative supply needed)<\/li>\n
  • 700\u00b5A total supply current \u2014 battery friendly<\/li>\n
  • Internally frequency compensated for unity gain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • Single-supply signal conditioning<\/li>\n
    • Transducer amplifier interfaces<\/li>\n
    • \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n
    • Comparators<\/li>\n
    • Oscillators<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Product Overview The LM324N from Texas Instruments is the industry-standard quad general-purpose operational amplifier with single-supply operation (3V-32V), input common-mode range including ground, and 1MHz gain-bandwidth product \u2014 four op-amps in a single 14-pin PDIP package. Key Specifications Number of Channels 4 (quad, independent) Supply Voltage Range 3V to 32V (single) or \u00b11.5V to \u00b116V […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,24],"tags":[],"chip_brand":[138],"class_list":["post-7978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-integrated-circuits-ics","category-microcontrollers-processors","chip_brand-ti"],"acf":{"brief_explanation":"Quad general-purpose op-amp, 1MHz, 3-32V single supply, GND-referenced, PDIP-14","date_code":"","package_case":"PDIP-14 (19.3 x 6.35 x 4.57mm, 2.54mm pitch, through-hole)","in_stock":15000,"datasheet":"https:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ds\/symlink\/lm324-n.pdf","price":"$0.316 @ 1ku","product_introduction":"The LM324N from Texas Instruments is the most widely used quad operational amplifier, containing four independent high-gain internally frequency-compensated op-amps in a single 14-pin DIP package. Its defining advantage over the LM741 and LM358 is the combination of four channels AND single-supply operation. The input common-mode voltage range includes ground (0V), meaning the non-inverting input can be connected directly to GND without a negative supply \u2014 critical for single-supply designs where the signal is referenced to ground. The output can also swing to within a few millivolts of ground (when sinking current), and up to V+\u22121.5V when sourcing. The 1MHz GBW and 0.5V\/\u00b5s slew rate limit it to low-frequency applications (full-power bandwidth \u2248 8kHz at \u00b110V output). The total supply current of only 700\u00b5A for all four amplifiers makes it suitable for battery operation. At $0.316\/1ku, the LM324 is the most cost-effective way to get four op-amps. The N suffix denotes the PDIP-14 through-hole package.","working_principle":"Each of the four op-amps in the LM324N is a voltage-feedback amplifier with internal compensation. The PNP input stage allows the common-mode range to include ground (the PNP emitters are biased at ~0.6V above the inputs, so the inputs can go to 0V). The class AB output stage can both source and sink current, with the output swinging to within ~5mV of ground when sinking small currents and to V+\u22121.5V when sourcing. In single-supply operation, the signal must remain within 0V to V+\u22121.5V at both input and output. For AC-coupled applications, a bias voltage (typically V+\/2) establishes the operating point. For DC applications with ground-referenced signals (like sensor outputs that vary from 0V upward), no bias is needed \u2014 the input can go to 0V and the output can swing to near 0V. The internal 30pF compensation capacitor creates a dominant pole at ~10Hz, rolling off the gain at 20dB\/decade to cross unity gain at 1MHz. Closed-loop bandwidth = GBW\/noise_gain; at gain=100, BW \u2248 10kHz. The 700\u00b5A total quiescent current is essentially independent of supply voltage (3V to 32V), thanks to a constant-current bias network.","pin_description":"\n
      Pin<\/th>Name<\/th>Type<\/th>Description<\/th><\/tr>\n
      1<\/td>1OUT<\/td>Output<\/td>Op-amp 1 output<\/td><\/tr>\n
      2<\/td>1IN\u2212<\/td>Input<\/td>Op-amp 1 inverting input<\/td><\/tr>\n
      3<\/td>1IN+<\/td>Input<\/td>Op-amp 1 non-inverting input<\/td><\/tr>\n
      4<\/td>VCC<\/td>Power<\/td>Positive supply (3V to 32V)<\/td><\/tr>\n
      5<\/td>2IN+<\/td>Input<\/td>Op-amp 2 non-inverting input<\/td><\/tr>\n
      6<\/td>2IN\u2212<\/td>Input<\/td>Op-amp 2 inverting input<\/td><\/tr>\n
      7<\/td>2OUT<\/td>Output<\/td>Op-amp 2 output<\/td><\/tr>\n
      8<\/td>3OUT<\/td>Output<\/td>Op-amp 3 output<\/td><\/tr>\n
      9<\/td>3IN\u2212<\/td>Input<\/td>Op-amp 3 inverting input<\/td><\/tr>\n
      10<\/td>3IN+<\/td>Input<\/td>Op-amp 3 non-inverting input<\/td><\/tr>\n
      11<\/td>GND \/ V\u2212<\/td>Power<\/td>Ground or negative supply<\/td><\/tr>\n
      12<\/td>4IN+<\/td>Input<\/td>Op-amp 4 non-inverting input<\/td><\/tr>\n
      13<\/td>4IN\u2212<\/td>Input<\/td>Op-amp 4 inverting input<\/td><\/tr>\n
      14<\/td>4OUT<\/td>Output<\/td>Op-amp 4 output<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>","application_scenarios":"
        \n
      • Single-Supply Non-Inverting Amp:<\/strong> Sensor (0-1V) \u2192 1IN+; Rf\/Rg = 4; 1OUT = 0-5V; VCC = 5V single supply; GND = pin 11<\/li>\n
      • Comparator:<\/strong> Sensor \u2192 1IN+; threshold voltage \u2192 1IN\u2212; 1OUT drives LED; no feedback resistor; open-loop comparison<\/li>\n
      • 4-Channel Signal Conditioner:<\/strong> 4 sensors \u2192 4 op-amps; each configured for appropriate gain; single VCC supply; one IC handles all 4 channels<\/li>\n
      • Active Filter:<\/strong> Sallen-Key low-pass: 2 resistors + 2 capacitors per op-amp; cutoff at desired frequency; remaining 2 op-amps for gain stages<\/li>\n
      • AC-Coupled Amp:<\/strong> VCC=12V; two 10k\u03a9 resistors create V+\/2 = 6V bias at 1IN+; AC signal through coupling cap + Rin \u2192 1IN\u2212; Rf feedback; output centered at 6V<\/li>\n<\/ul>","alternative_models":"\n
        Model<\/th>Manufacturer<\/th>Key Difference<\/th>Package<\/th>Specs<\/th><\/tr>\n
        LM324AN<\/td>TI<\/td>Improved version with lower 2mV max input offset voltage for precision measurement circuits<\/td>DIP-14<\/td>1.1MHz\/4-ch<\/td><\/tr>\n
        LM324B<\/td>TI<\/td>Modern upgrade: 36V supply, 1.2MHz GBW, 3mV offset, rail-to-rail output swing capability<\/td>DIP-14<\/td>1.2MHz\/36V<\/td><\/tr>\n
        LM358N<\/td>TI<\/td>Dual op-amp version (2 channels) in DIP-8 for simpler single\/dual signal chain designs<\/td>DIP-8<\/td>1.1MHz\/2-ch<\/td><\/tr>\n
        TL074CN<\/td>TI<\/td>Quad JFET-input op-amp with 65pA input bias current and 3MHz GBW for low-noise applications<\/td>DIP-14<\/td>3MHz\/JFET<\/td><\/tr>\n
        LM2902N<\/td>TI<\/td>Automotive-grade -40 to +125C version for under-hood and industrial environments<\/td>DIP-14<\/td>1.1MHz\/-40-125C<\/td><\/tr>\n
        MCP6004-I\/P<\/td>Microchip<\/td>Low-voltage 1.8-6V quad R-R op-amp with 1MHz GBW for battery-powered instrumentation<\/td>DIP-14<\/td>1MHz\/1.8-6V<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

        LM324N is the industry-standard quad general-purpose op-amp in DIP-14 with 1.1MHz GBW and 3-32V single-supply operation. All four channels share the same power rails. LM324B offers modern 36V rail-to-rail output. For JFET-input low-noise applications, TL074 provides 3MHz GBW and 65pA bias current. For low-voltage designs, MCP6004 operates down to 1.8V.<\/p>"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7978"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8215,"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7978\/revisions\/8215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7978"},{"taxonomy":"chip_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/materialparts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/chip_brand?post=7978"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}